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Chapter 1. Why Healthy Sleep Is So Important

Bernstein, D., Emde, R., and Campos, J. (1973). REM sleep in four-month infants under home and laboratory conditions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 35, 322-329.

Coons, S., and Guilleminault, C. (1982). Development of sleep-wake patterns and non-rapid eye movement sleep stages during the first six months of life in normal infants. Pediatrics, 69, 793-798.

Emde, R. N., and Metcalf, D. R. (1970). An electroencephalographic study of behavioral rapid eye movement states in the human newborn. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 150, 376-386.

Fish, B. (1963). The maturation of arousal and attention in the first months of life: A study of variations in age development. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 2, 253-270.

Harper, R. N., Leake, B., Miyahana, L., Mason, J., Hoppenbrouwers, T, Sterman, M. B., and Hodgman, J. (1981). Temporal sequencing in sleep and waking states during the first six months of life. Experimental Neurology, 72, 294-307.

Jacklin, C. N., Snow, M. E., Cozahapt, M., and Maccoby, E. E. (1980). Sleep pattern development from 6 through 33 months. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 5, 295-302.

Klein, K. E., Hermann, R., Kuklinski, P., and Hans, M. W. (1977). Circadian performance rhythms: Experimental studies in air operations. In R. R. Mackie (ed.), Vigilance: Theory, Operational Performance and Physiological Correlants (NATO Conference Series III, Human Factors, Vol. 3). New York: Plenum Press.

Salzarulo, P., and Chevalier, A. (1983). Sleep problems in children and their relationship with early disturbances of the waking-sleep rhythms. Sleep, 6, 47-51.

Schulz, H., Salzarulo, P., Fagioli, I., and Massetani, R. (1983). REM latency: Development in the first year of life. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 56, 316-322.

Still, G. E (1931). The History of Pediatrics. London: Oxford University Press.

Sundell, C. E. (1922). Sleeplessness in infants. Practitioner, 109, 89-92.

Chapter 2. Healthy Sleep and Sleep Strategies

Sleep Duration: Night and Day

Anders, T. E, Carksadon, M. A., and Dement, W. C. (1980). Sleep and sleepiness in children and adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 27, 29-43.

Anders, T. E, and Keener, M. A. (1985). Developmental course of nighttime sleep-wake patterns in full-term and premature infants during the first year of life: Part I. Sleep, 8, 173-192.

Anders, T. E, Keener, M. A., and Kramer, H. (1985). Sleep-wake state organization, neonatal assessment and development in premature infants during the first year of life: Part II. Sleep, 8, 193-206.

Cobb, K. (2002). Missed ZZZ’s, more disease: Skimping on sleep may be bad for your health. Science News, 7, 152-154.

Parmelee, A. H., Schulz, H. R., and Disbrow, M. A. (1961). Sleep patterns of the newborn. Journal of Pediatrics, 58, 241-250.

Parmelee, A. H., Wenner, W. H., and Schulz, H. R. (1964). Infant sleep patterns: From birth to 16 weeks of age. Journal of Pediatrics, 65, 576-582.

Randazzo, A. C, Muehlbach, M. L., Schweitzer, P. K., and Walsh, J. K. (1998). Cognitive function following acute sleep restriction in children ages 10-14. Sleep, 21, 861-868.

Shimada, M., Takahashi, K., Segawa, M., Higurashi, M., Samejim, M., and Horiuchi, K. (1999). Emerging and entraining patterns of the sleep-wake rhythm in preterm and term infants. Brain & Development, 21, 468-473.

Weissbluth, M. (1981). Sleep duration and infant temperament. Journal of Pediatrics, 99, 817-819.

Weissbluth, M. (1984). Sleep duration, temperament, and Conners’ ratings on three-year-old children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5, 120-123.

Weissbluth, M., Poncher, J., Given, G., Schwab, J., Mervis, R., and Rosenburg, M. (1981). Sleep durations and television viewing. Journal of Pediatrics, 99, 486-488.

Naps

Coons, S., and Guilleminault, C. (1984). Development of consolidated sleep and wakeful period in relation to the day/night cycle in infancy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 26, 169-176.

Daiss, S. R., Bertelson, A. D., and Benjamin, L. T. (1986). Napping versus resting: Effects on performance and mood. Psychophysiology, 23, 82-88.

Emde, R. N., and Walken, S. (1961). Longitudinal study of infant sleep: Results of 14 subjects studied at monthly intervals. Psychophysiology, 13, 456-461.

Folkard, S., Hume, K. I., Minors, D. S., Waterhouse, J. M., and Watson, F. L. Independence of the circadian rhythm in alertness from the sleep-wake cycle. Nature, 313, 678-679.

Larson, M., Gunnar, M. R., and Hertsgaard, L. (1991). The effects of morning naps, car trips, and maternal separation on adrenocortical activity in human infants. Child Development, 62, 362-372.

Mahowald, M. W, and Schenck, C. H. (1992). Dissociated states of wakefulness and sleep. Neurology, 42 (Suppl. 6), 44-52.

Marks, G. A, Shaffery, J. P., Oksenberg, A., Speciale, S. G., and Roffwarg, H. P. (1995). A functional role for REM sleep in brain maturation. Behavioral Brain Research, 69, 1-11.

Minors, D. S., and Waterhouse, J. M. (1984). The sleep-wakefulness rhythm, exogenous and endogenous factors (in man). Experkntia, 40, 410-416.

Sandyk, R. (1992). Melatonin and maturation of REM sleep. International Journal of Neuroscience, 63, 105-114.

Watamura, S., Sebanc, A., and Gunnar, M. (2002). Rising cortisol at child care: Relations with nap. Developmental Psychobiology, 40, 33-42.

Weissbluth, M. (1995). Naps in children: 6 months-7 years. Sleep, 18, 82-87.

Wladimorva, G. (1993). Study of cyclic structure of daytime sleep in normal infants aged 2 to 12 months. Acta physiologica etpharmacoligica Bulgarica, 9, 62-69.

Sleep Consolidation

Bonnet, M. M. (1985). Effect of sleep disruption on sleep, performance, and mood. Sleep, 8, 11-19.

Coons, S., and Guilleminault, C. (1985). Motility and arousal in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome. Journal of Pediatrics, 107, 728-732.

Martin, S. E., Engleman, H. M., Deary, I. J., and Douglas, N. J. (1996). The effect of sleep fragmentation on daytime function. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 153, 1328-1332.

Stepanski, E., Lamphere, J., Badia, E, Zorick, E, and Roth, T. (1984). Sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness. Sleep, 7, 18-26.

Weissbluth, M., Davis, A. T., and Poncher, J. (1984). Night waking in 4-to 8-month-old infants. Journal of Pediatrics, 104, 477-480.

Sleep Schedule, Timing of Sleep

Abe, K., Sasaki, H., Takebayashi, K., Seki, E, and Roth, T. (1978). The development of circadian rhythms of human body temperature. Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research, 9, 210-216.

Czeisler, C. A, Weitzman, E. D., and Moore-Ede, M. C. (1980). Human sleep: Its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase. Science, 210, 1264-1267.

Dinges, D. E, Pack, E, Williams, K., Gillen, K. A, Powell, 1. W, Ott, G. E., Aptowicz, D., and Pack, A. I. (1997). Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4-5 hours per night. Sleep, 20, 267-277.

Dreyfus-Brisac, C, and Monod, N. (1965). Sleep of premature and full term neonates—A polygraphic study. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 58, 6-7.

Emde, R. N, Swedberg, J., and Suzuki, B. (1975). Human wakefulness and biological rhythms after birth. Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 780-783.

Lodemore, M., Petersen, S. A, and Wailoo, M. P. (1991). Development of night temperature rhythms over the first six months of life. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 66, 521-524.

Louis, J., Cannard, C, Bastuji, H., and Challamel, M.-J. (1997). Sleep ontogenesis revisited: A longitudinal 24-hour home poly-graphic study on 15 normal infants during the first two years of life. Sleep, 20, 323-333.

Onishi, S., Miyazawa, G., Nishimura, Y, Sugiyama, S., Yamakawa, T., Inagaki, H., Katoh, T., Itoh, S., and Isobe, K. (1983). Postnatal development of circadian rhythm in serum cortisol levels in children. Pediatrics, 72, 399-404.

Reppert, S. M. (1985). Maternal entrainment of the developing circadian system. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 453, 162-169.

Sadeh, A. (1997). Sleep and melatonin in infants. Sleep, 20, 185-191.

Weissbluth, M. (1982). Modification of sleep schedule with reduction of night waking: A case report. Sleep, 5, 262-266.

Sleep Regularity

Acebo, C., and Carskadon, M. A. (2002). Influence of irregular sleep patterns on waking behavior. In M. A. Carskadon (ed.), Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences, 220-235. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bates, J. E., Viken, R. J., Alexander, D. B., Beyers, J., and Stockton, S. (2002). Sleep and adjustment in preschool children: Sleep diary reports by mothers relate to behavior reports by teachers. Child Development, 73, 62-74.

Sleep Position, SIDS

Ponsouby, A. L., Dwyer, M. B., Gibbons, L. E., Cochran, J. A, and Wang, Y G. (1993). Factors potentiating the risk of sudden infant death syndrome associated with the prone position. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 377-382.

Breast-feeding versus Bottle-feeding and Family Bed versus Crib

Elias, M. E, Nicolson, N. A., Bora, C, and Johnston, J. (1986). Sleep/wake patterns of breast-fed infants in the first 2 years of life.Pediatrics, 77, 322-329.

Hayes, M. J., Parker, K. G., Sallinen, B., and Davare, A. A. (2001). Bedsharing, temperament, and sleep disturbance in early childhood. Sleep, 24, 657-662.

Hunsley M., and Thoman, E. B. (2002) The sleep of co-sleeping infants when they are not co-sleeping: Evidence that co-sleeping is stressful. Developmental Psychobiology, 40, 14-22.

Klackenberg, G. (1982). Sleep behavior studied longitudinally. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavia, 71, 501-506.

Latz, S., Wolf, A. W., and Lozoff, B. (1999). Cosleeping in context. Sleep practices and problems in young children in Japan and the United States. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 153, 339-346.

Lozoff, B., Wolf, A. W, and Davis, N. S. (1984). Co-sleeping in urban families with young children in the United States. Pediatrics, 74, 171-182.

Lozoff, B. L., Wolf. A. W, and Davis, N. S. (1985). Sleep problems seen in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 75, 477-483.

Okami, P., Weisner, T, and Olmstead, R. (2002). Outcome correlates of parent-child bedsharing: An eighteen-year longitudinal study. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 23, 244-253.

Rosenfeld, A. A., Wenegrant, A. O., Haavik, D. K., Wenegrant, B. C., and Smith, C. R. (1982). Sleeping patterns in upper-middle-class families when the child awakens ill or frightened. Archive of General Psychiatry, 39, 943-947.

Solid Foods and Feeding Habits

Beal, V. A. (1964). Termination of night feeding in infancy. Journal of Pediatrics, 75, 690-692.

Deisher, R. W, and Goers, S. S. (1954). A study of early and later introduction of solids into the infant diet. Journal of Pediatrics, 45, 191-199.

Grunwaldt, E., Bates, T, and Guthrie, D. (1960). The onset of sleeping through the night in infancy: Relation to introduction of solid food in the diet, birth weight and position in the family. Pediatrics, 26, 667-668.

Jones, N. B., Brown, M. F., and MacDonald, L. (1978). The association between perinatal factors and later night waking. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, 427-434.

Lavie, P., Kripke, D. F, Hiatt, J. F, and Harrison, J. (1978). Gastric rhythms during sleep. Behavioral Biology, 23, 526-630.

Parmelee, A. H., Wenner, W H., and Schulz, W R. (1964). Infant sleep patterns from birth to 16 weeks of age. Journal of Pediatrics, 65, 576-582.

Robertson, P. M. (1974). Solids and “sleeping through.” British Medical Journal, 1, 200.

Salzarulo, P., Fagioli, I., Salomon, F, and Riccour, C. (1979). Alimentation continué et rhythmic veille-sommeil chez I enfant. (Continuous feeding and the waking-sleeping rhythm in children.) Archives Frangaises de Pédiatrie (Suppl.), 36, 26-32.

Schultz, H., Salzarulo, P., Fagioli, I., and Massetani, R. (1983). REM latency: Development in the first year of life. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 56, 316-322.

Schulz, H., Massetani, R., Fagioli, I., and Salzarulo, P. (1985). Spontaneous awakenings from sleep in infants. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 61, 267-271.

Wright, P., MacLeod, M. A, and Cooper, M. J. (1983). Waking at night: The effect of early feeding experience. Child Care Health Development, 9, 309-319.

The Effects of Healthy Sleep: Sleep Patterns, Intelligence, Learning, and School Performance

Anders, T. F., Keener, M. A., and Kraemer, H. (1985). Sleep-wake state organization, neonatal assessment and development in premature infants during the first year of life: Part II. Sleep, 8, 193-206.

Bonnet, M. H. (1985). Effect of sleep disruption on sleep, performance, and mood. Sleep, 8, 11-19.

Busby, K., and Pikik, R. T. (1983). Sleep patterns in children of superior intelligence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 587-600.

Dahl, R. E., Pelhan, W. E., and Wierson, M. (1991). The role of sleep disturbances in attention deficit disorder symptoms: A case study. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 16, 229-239.

Deneberg, V. H., and Thoman, E. B. (1981). Evidence for a functional role for active (REM) sleep in infancy. Sleep, 4, 185-191.

Dunst, C. J., and Lingerfelt, B. (1985). Maternal ratings of temperament and operant learning in two-to three-month-old infants. Child Development, 56, 555-563.

Fibiger, W., Singer, G., Miller, A. J., Armstrong, S., and Datar, M. (1984). Cortisol and catecholamine changes as functions of time-of-day and self-reported mood. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 8, 523-530.

Hayasaki, Y. (1927). On the sleeping hours at school, children of 6 to 20 years. Psychological Abstracts, 1, 439.

Johs, M. W, Gay, T. J. A, Masterton, J. P., and Bruce, D. W. (1971). Relationship between sleep habits, adrenocortical activity and personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 33, 499-508.

Matheny, A. D., and Dolan, A. B. (1974). Childhood sleep characteristics and reading achievement. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4,76.

Minde, K., Faucon, A., and Falkner, S. (1994). Sleep problems in toddlers: Effects of treatment on their daytime behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 1114-1121.

Terman, L. M. (1925). Genetic studies of genius: Vol. 1. Mental and physical traits of a thousand gifled children. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Weissbluth, M. (1981). Sleep duration and infant temperament. Journal of Pediatrics, 99, 817-819.

Weissbluth, M. (1984). Sleep duration, temperament, and Conners’ ratings of 3-year-old children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5, 120-123.

Weissbluth, M. (1985). How sleep affects school performance. Gifted Children Monthly, 6, 14-15.

Chapter 3. Sleep Problems and Solutions

Mood and Performance

Beltramini, A. U., and Hertzog, M. E. (1983). Sleep and bedtime behavior in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics, 71, 153-158.

Dement, W. C, and Carskadon, M. A. (1982). Current perspectives on daytime sleepiness: The issues. Sleep, 5 (Suppl. 2), S56-S66.

Dixon, K. N., Monroe, L. J., and jakim, S. (1981). Insomniac children. Sleep, 4, 313-318.

Fibiger, W., Singer, G., Miller, A. J., Armstrong, S., and Datar, M. (1984). Cortisol and catecholamine changes as functions of time-of-day and self-reported mood. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 8, 523-530.

Gaillard, J. M. (1985). Neurochemical regulation of the states of alertness. Annals of Clinical Research, 17, 175-184.

Gunner, M. R., Malone, S., Vance, G., and Fisch, R. O. (1985). Coping with aversive stimulation in the neonatal period: Quiet sleep and plasma cortisol levels during recovery from circumcision. Child Development, 56, 824-834.

Harrison, G. A. (1985). Stress, catecholamines, and sleep. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 56, 651-653.

Hauri, P., and Olmstead, E. (1980). Childhood-onset insomnia. Sleep, 3, 59-65.

Hicks, R. A., and Pellegrini, R. J. (1977). Anxiety levels of short and long sleepers. Psychological Reports, 41, 569-570.

Johs, M. W., Gay, T. J. A., Masterton, J. P., and Bruce, D. W. (1971). Relationship between sleep habits, adrenocortical activity and personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 33, 499-508.

Kales, A, Bixler, E. O., Vela-Bueno, A., Cadieux, R. J., Soldatos, C. R., and Kales, J. D. (1984). Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia: Part III. Polygraphic findings of sleep difficulty and their relationship to psychopathology. International Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 43-56.

Lucey, D. R., Hauri, P., and Snyder, M. L. (1981). The wakeful “Type A” student. International Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 101, 333-337.

Price, V. A., Coates, T. J., Thoresen, C. E., and Grinstead, O. A. (1978). Prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among adolescents. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 132, 583-586.

Simonds, J. F., and Parraga, H. (1982). Prevalence of sleep disorders and sleep behaviors in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 4, 383-388.

Sundell, C. E. (1922). Sleeplessness in infants. Practitioner, 109, 89-92.

Tan, T. L., Kales, J. D., Kales, A., Soldatos, C. R., and Bixler, E. O. (1984). Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia: Part IV. Diagnosis based on DSM III. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 357-362.

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R., and Dement, W. C. (1973). Quantification of sleepiness: A new approach. Psycho-physiology, 10, 431-436.

Stepanski, E., Lamphere, J., Badia, P., Zorick, E, and Roth, T. (1984). Sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness. Sleep, 7, 18-26.

Night Waking, Difficulty Staying Asleep

Coulter, D. L., and Allen, R. J. (1982). Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus. Archives of Neurology, 39, 191-192.

Earls, F. (1980). Prevalence of behavior problems in 3-year-old children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1153-1157.

Fukumoto, M., Muchozuki, N., Tekeishi, M., Nomura, Y, and Segawa, M. (1981). Studies of body movements during night sleep in infancy. Brain and Development, 3, 37-43.

Karacan, I., Wolff, S. M., Williams, R. L., Hurscl, C. J., and Webb, W B. (1968). The effects of fever on sleep and dream patterns. Psychosomatics, 9, 331-339.

Oster, J., and Nelson, A. (1974). Growing pains: A clinical investigation of a school problem. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavia, 61, 329-334.

Radbill, S. X. (1965). Teething in fact and fancy. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 39, 339-345.

Richman, N. (1981). A community survey of characteristics of 1-to 2-year-olds with sleep disruption. American Academy of

Child Psychiatry, 20, 281-291. Tasanen, A. (1969). General and local effects of the eruption of deciduous teeth. Annales de Paediatrac Fenniae, 14 (Suppl. 29).

Weissbluth, M. (1982). Modification of sleep schedule with reduction of night waking: A case report. Sleep, 5, 262-266.

Weissbluth, M., Christoffel, K. K., and Davis, A. T. (1984). Treatment of infantile colic with dicyclomine hydrochloride. Journal ofPediatrics, 104, 951-955.

Weissbluth, M., Davis, A. T, and Poncher, J. (1984). Night waking in 4-to 8-month-old infants. Journal of Pediatrics, 104, 477-480.

Chapter 4. Sleep, Extreme

Fussiness/Colic, and Temperament

Aldrich, C. A., Sung, C., and Knop, C. (1945). The crying of newly born babies: Part II. The individual phase. Journal of Pediatrics, 27, 89-96.

Barr, R. G. (1989). Feeding and temperament as determinants of early infant crying/fussing behavior. Pediatrics, 84, 14-521.

Bates, J. E., Viken, R. J., Alexander, D. B., Beyers, J., and Stockton, S. (2002). Sleep and adjustment in preschool children: Sleep diary reports by mothers relate to behavior reports by teachers. Child Development, 73, 62-74.

Blum, N. J., Taubman, B., Tretina, L., and Heyward, R. Y. (2002). Maternal ratings of infant intensity and distractibility. Relationship with crying during the second month of life. Archives Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 156, 286-290.

Boon, W H. (1982). The crying baby. Journal of the Singapore Paediatric Society, 24, 145-147.

Brazelton, T. B. (1962). Crying in infancy. Pediatrics, 29, 579-588.

Breslow, L. (1957). A clinical approach to infantile colic: A review of 90 cases. Journal of Pediatrics, 50, 196-206.

Canivet, C, Jakobsson, I., and Hagander, B. (2000). Infantile colic. Follow-up at four years of age: Still more “emotional.” Acta Paediat, 89, 13-17.

Carey, W B. (1972). Clinical application of infant temperament measurements. Journal of Pediatrics, 81, 823-828.

Carey, W B. (1985). Temperament and increased weight gain in infants. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 3, 128-131.

Carey, W. B., and McDevitt, S. C. (1978). Revision of the infant temperament questionnaire. Pediatrics, 61, 735-739.

Clifford, T. J., Campbell, M., Speechley, K. N., and Gorodzinsky, F. (2002). Sequelae of infant colic. Evidence of transient infant distress and absence of lasting effects on maternal mental health. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 15, 1183-1188.

Clifford, T. J., Campbell, M. K., Speechley, K. N., and Gorodozin-sky, F. (2002). Infant colic. Empirical evidence of the absence of an association with source of early infant nutrition. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 156, 1123-1128.

Collins, D. D., Scoggin, C. H., Zwillich, C. W, and Welf, J. U. (1978). Hereditary aspects of decreased hypoxic response. Journal of Clinical Investigations, 62, 104-110.

Crockenberg, S. B., and Smith, R (1982). Antecedents of mother-infant interaction and infant-irritability in the first three months of life. Infant Behavior and Development, 5, 105-119.

DeVries, M. (1984). Temperament and infant mortality among the Masai of East Africa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1189-1194.

Dunst, C. J., and Lingerfelt, B. (1985). Maternal ratings of temperament and operant learning in 2-to 3-month-old infants. Child Development, 56, 555-563.

Emde, R. N., Gaensbauer, T. J., and Harman, R J. (1976). Emotional expression in infancy: A biobehavioral study. Psychological Issues, 10, 1-200.

Etzel, B. C, and Gewirtz, J. L. (1967). Experimental modification of caretaker-maintained high-rate operant crying in a 6-and 20-week old infant (Infans tyrannotearus): Extinction of crying with reinforcement of eye contact and smiling. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 5, 503-517.

Freedman, D. G. (1979). Ethnic differences in babies. Human Nature, 2, 36-43.

Garrison, M. M., and Christakis, D. A. (2000). A systematic review of treatments for infant colic. Pediatrics, 106, 184-190.

Giganti, E, Fagioli, I., Ficca, G., and Salzarulo, R (2001). Polygraphic investigation of 24-hr waking distribution in infants. Physiology and Behavior, 73, 621-624.

Heine, R. G., Cameron, D. J. S., Chung, W. C, Hill, D. J., and Catto-Smith, A. G. (2002). Cause & effect of unhappy coexistence. GERD does not cause crying. Journal of Pediatrics, 140, 14-19.

Hill, D. J., and Hosking, C. S. (2000). Infantile colic and food hypersensitivity. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 30, (Suppl), S67-S76.

Hunziker, U. A, and Barr, R. G. (1986). Increased carrying reduces infant crying: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 77, 641-648.

Illingworth, R. S. (1954). “Three months” colic. Archives of Diseases of Children, 29, 167-174.

Illingworth, R. S. (1955). Crying in infants and children. British Medical Journal, 1, 75-78.

Karelitz, S., Fisichelli, V. R., Costa, J., Karelitz, R., and Rosen-feld, L. (1964). Relation of crying activity in early infancy to speech and intellectual development at age three years. Child Development, 35, 769-777.

Keefe, M. R., Kotser, A. M., Froese-Fretz, A, and Curtin, M. (1996). A longitudinal comparison of irritable and nonirritable infants. Nursing Research, 45, 4-9.

Keener, M. A, Zeanah, C. H., and Anders, T. F. (1988). Infant temperament, sleep organization, and nighttime parental interventions. Pediatrics, 81, 762-771.

Kirjavainen, J., Kirjavainen, T., Huhtala, V., Lehtonen, L., Korvenranta. H., and Kero, R (2001). Infants with colic have a normal sleep structure at 2 and 7 months of age. Journal of Pediatrics, 138, 218-223.

Kurtoglu, S., Uzum, K., Hallac, I. K., and Coskun, A. (1997). 5-Hydroxy-3-indole acetic acid levels in infantile colic: Is serotoninergic tonus responsible for this problem? Ada Paediatric, 86, 764-765.

Lehtonen, L., Korhonen, T., and Korvenranta, H. (1994). Temperament and sleeping patterns in colicky infants during the first year of life. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 15, 416-420.

Lester, B. M., and Bookydis, C. F. Z. (eds.) (1985). Infant Crying. New York: Plenum Press.

Lounsbuery, M. L., and Bates, J. E. (1982). The cries of infants of differing levels of perceived temperamental difficultness: Acoustic properties and effects on listeners. Child Development, 53, 677-686.

Matheny, A. P., Wilson, R. S., Dolan, A. B., and Krantz, J. Z. (1985). Behavioral contrasts in twinships: Stability and patterns of differences in childhood. Child Development, 52, 579-588.

Meyer, J. E., and Thaler, M. M. (1971). Colic in low birthweight infants. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 122, 25-27.

Monnier, M., and Gaillard, J. M. (1980). Biochemical regulation of sleep. Experientia, 36, 21-24.

Novosad, C, Freudigman, K., and Thoman, E. B. (1999). Sleep patterns in newborns and temperament at eight months: A preliminary study. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 20, 99-105.

O’Connor, L. H., and Feder, H. H. (1984). Estradiol and progesterone influence a serotonin mediated behavioral syndrome (myoclonus) in female guinea pigs. Brain Research, 293, 119-125.

Ogden, T. H. (1985). The mother, the infant and the matrix: Interpretations of aspects of the work of Donald Winnocott. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 21, 346-371.

Olafsdottir, E., Forshei, G., and Markestad, T. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of infantile colic treated with chiropractic spinal manipulation. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 84, 138-141.

Papousek, M., and von Hofacker, N. (1998). Persistent crying in early infancy: A non-trivial condition of risk for the developing mother-infant relationship. Child: Care, Health and Development, 24, 395-424.

Parmelee, A. H., Jr. (1997). Remarks on receiving the C. Anderson Aldrich Award. Pediatrics, 59, 389-395.

Paulozzi, L., and Sells, M. (2002). Variation in homicide risk during infancy—United States, 1989-1998. Morbidity and Mortality Report, 51, 187-189.

Pierce, P (1948). Delayed onset of “three months” colic in premature infants. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 75, 190-192.

Raiha, H., Lehtonen, L., Korhonen, T., and Korvenranta, H. (1996). Family life 1 year after infantile colic. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 150, 1032-1036.

Rautava, P., Lehtonen, L., Helenius, H., and Sillanpaa, M. (1995). Infantile colic: Child and family three years later. Pediatrics, 96, 43-47.

Rebelsky, E, and Black, R. (1972). Crying in infancy. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 121, 49-57.

Reijneveld, S. A., Brugman, E., and Hirasing, R. A. (2001). Excessive infant crying: The impact of varying definitions. Pediatrics, 108, 893-897.

Richman, N., Douglas, 1., Hunt, H., Lansdown, R., and Levere, R. (1985). Behavioral methods in the treatment of sleep disorders—A pilot study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 581-590.

Scher, A, Epstein, R., Sadeh, A., Tirosh, E., and Lavie, P. (1992). Toddlers’ sleep and temperament: Reporting bias or a valid link: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 33, 1249-1254.

Scher, A, Tirosh, E., and Lavie, P. (1998). The relationship between sleep and temperament revisited: Evidence for 12-month-olds: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 39, 785-788.

Schulz, H., Salzarulo, P., Fagioli, I., and Massetani, R. (1983). REM latency: Development in the first year of life. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 56, 316-322.

Shaver, B. A. (1974). Maternal personality and early adaptation as related to infantile colic. In P. M. Schereshefsky and L. J. Yarrow (eds.), Psychological Aspects of a First Pregnancy and Early Postnatal Adaptation(209-215). New York: Raven Press.

Snow, M. E., Jacklin, C. N., and Maccoby, E. E. (1980). Crying episodes and sleep-wakefulness transitions in the first 26 months of life. Infant Behavior and Development, 3, 387-394.

St. James-Roberts, I., Conroy, S., and Hurry, J. (1997). Links between infant crying and sleep-waking at six weeks of age. Early Child Development, 48, 143-152.

St. James-Roberts, I., and Plewis, I. (1996). Individual differences, daily fluctuations, and developmental changes in amounts of infant waking, fussing, crying, feeding, and sleeping. Child Development, 67, 2527-2540.

Stahlberg, M.-R. (1984). Infantile colic: Occurrence and risk factors. European Journal of Pediatrics, 143, 108-111.

Stenger, K. (1956). Therapy of spastic bronchitis. Med Klin, 51, 1451-1455.

Stifter, C. A., and Braungart, J. (1992). Infant colic: A transient condition with no apparent effects. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 13, 447-462.

Sullivan, C. E., Murphy, E., Kozar, L. E, and Phillipson, E. A. (1979). Ventilatory responses to CO2 and lung inflation in tonic versus phasic REM sleep. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiration, Environment and Exercise Physiology, 47, 1304-1310.

Tandon, P., Gupta, M. L., and Barthwal, J. E (1983). Role of monoamine oxidase-B in medroxyprogesterone acetate (17-acetoxy-6 gamma-methyl-4-pregnene-4-3, 20-dione) induced changes in brain dopamine levels in rats. Steroids, 42, 231-239.

Thomas, A., Chess, S., and Birch, H. G. (1968). Temperament and Behavior Disorders in Childhood. New York: New York University Press.

Watanabe, K., Inokuma, K., and Nogoro, T. (1983). REM sleep prevents sudden infant death syndrome. European Journal of Pediatrics, 140, 289-292.

Webb, W B., and Campbell, S. S. (1983). Relationship in sleep characteristics in identical and fraternal twins. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1093-1095.

Weissbluth, L., and Weissbluth, M. (1992). Infant colic: The effect of serotonin and melatonin on circadian rhythms in the intestinal smooth muscle. Medical Hypotheses, 39, 164-167.

Weissbluth, M. (1981). Infantile colic and near-miss sudden infant death syndrome. Medical Hypotheses, 7, 1193-1199.

Weissbluth, M. (1981). Sleep duration and infant temperament. Journal of Pediatrics, 99, 817-819.

Weissbluth, M. (1982). Chinese-American infant temperament and sleep duration: An ethnic comparison. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 3, 99-102.

Weissbluth, M. (1982). Modification of sleep schedule with reduction of night waking: A case report. Sleep, 5, 262-266.

Weissbluth, M. (1984). Sleep duration, temperament, and Conners’ ratings of three-year-old children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5, 120-123.

Weissbluth, M. (1984). Crybabies. New York: Arbor House.

Weissbluth, M. (1986). Infant colic. In S. S. Gellis and B. M. Kagan (eds.), Current Pediatric Therapy, 12th ed. (765-767). Philadelphia: W B. Saunders.

Weissbluth, M. (1987). Sleep and the colicky infant. In Sleep and Its Disorders in Children, edited by C. Guilleminault. (129-140). New York: Raven Press.

Weissbluth, M. (1995). Colic. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine in the Child, edited by R. Ferber and M. H. Kryger. (75-78). Philadelphia: W B. Saunders.

Weissbluth, M., Brouillette, R. T., Liu, K., and Hunt, C. E. (1982). Sleep apnea, sleep duration, and infant temperament. Journal of Pediatrics, 101, 307-310.

Weissbluth, M., Christoffel, K. K., and Davis, A. T. (1984). Treatment of infantile colic with dicyclomine hydrochloride. Journal of Pediatrics, 104, 951-955.

Weissbluth, M., Davis, A. T., and Poncher, J. (1984). Night waking in 4-to 8-month-old infants. Journal of Pediatrics, 104, 477-480.

Weissbluth, M., and Green, O. C. (1984). Plasma progesterone concentration and infant temperament. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5, 251-253.

Weissbluth, M., Hunt, C., Brouillette, R. T., Hanson, D., David, R. J., and Stein, I. M. (1985). Respiratory patterns during sleep and temperament ratings in normal infants. Journal of Pediatrics, 106, 688-690.

Weissbluth, M., and Liu, K. (1983). Sleep patterns, attention span, and infant temperament. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 4, 34-36.

Weissbluth, M., and Weissbluth, L. (1992). Colic, sleep inertia, melatonin and circannual rhythms. Medical Hypotheses, 38, 224-228.

Wessel, M. A., Cobb, J. C, Jackson, E. B., Harris, G. S., and Detwiler, A. C. (1954). Paroxysmal fussing in infants, sometimes called “colic.” Pediatrics, 14, 421-434.

White, B. P., Gunnar, M. R., Larson, M. C, Donzella, B., and Barr, R. C. (2000). Behavioral and physiological responsivity, sleep, and patterns of daily cortisol production in infants with and without colic. Child Development, 71, 862-877.

Williams, C. D. (1959). The elimination of tantrum behavior by extinction procedures. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 269.

Wolke, D., Gray, P., and Meyer, R. (1994). Excessive infant crying: A controlled study of mothers helping mothers. Pediatrics, 94, 322-332.

Wolke, D., and Meyer, R. (1995). Co-morbidity of crying and feeding problems with sleeping problems in infancy: Concurrent and predictive associations. Early Development and Parenting, 4, 191-207.

Wolke, D, Rizzo, P., and Woods, S. (2002). Persistent infant crying and hyperactive problems in middle childhood. Pediatrics, 109, 1054-1060.

Zeskind, P. S., and Huntington, L. (1984). The effects of within-group and between-group methodologies in the study of perceptions of infant crying. Child Development, 55, 1658-1665.

Chapter 5. Months One to Four

Christophersen, E. (2002). Diagnosis and management of sleep problems. In Treatments That Work with Children. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Etzel, B. C, and Gewirtz, J. L. (1967). Experimental modification of caretaker-maintained high-rate operant crying in a 6-and 20-week-old infant (Infans tyrannotearus): Extinction of crying with reinforcement of eye contact and smiling. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 5, 303-317.

Fagan, J. W, Ohr, P. J., Fleckenstein, L. K., and Ribner, D. R. (1985). The effects of crying on long-term memory in infancy. Child Development, 56, 1584-1592.

Leach, Penelope (1978). Your Baby and Child from Birth to Five. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Maziade, M., Boudreault, M., Cote, R., and Thivierage, J. (1986). Influence of gentle birth delivery procedures and other perinatal circumstances on infant temperament: Developmental and social implications. Journal of Pediatrics, 108, 134-136.

McGraw, K., Hoffman, R., Harker, C, and Herman, J. H. (1999). The development of circadian rhythms in a human infant. Sleep, 22, 303-310.

Spock, Benjamin. (1983). Baby and Child Care. New York: Pocket Books.

Chapter 6. Months Five to Twelve

Caren, S., and Searleman, A. (1985). Birth stress and self-reported sleep difficulty. Sleep, 8, 222-226.

Dinges, D. E, and Broughton, R. J. (1989). Sleep and Alertness: Chronobiological, Behavioral, and Medical Aspects of Napping. New York: Raven Press.

Douglas, J., and Richman, N. (1984). My Child Won’t Sleep. Hammondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.

France, K. G., Blampied, N. M., and Wilkinson, P. (1991). Treatment of infant sleep disturbance by trimeprazine in combination with extinction. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 12, 308-314.

France, K. G. (1992). Behavior characteristics and security in sleep-disturbed infants treated with extinction. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 17, 467-475.

Hirschberg, J. C. (1957). Parental anxieties accompanying sleep disturbance in young children. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 21, 129-139.

Hiscock, H., and Wake, M. (2002). Randomised controlled trial of behavioural infant sleep intervention to improve infant sleep and maternal mood. British Medical Journal, 324, 1062-1072.

Hiscock, H., and Wake, M. (2001). Infant sleep problems and postnatal depression: A community based study. Pediatrics, 107, 1317-1322.

Klastskin, E. H., Jackson, E. B., and Wilkin, L. C. (1956). The influence of degree of flexibility in maternal care practices on early child behavior. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 26, 79-93.

Lewis, M. (1997) Altering Fate: Why the Past Does Not Predict the Future. New York: The Guilford Press.

Mahler, M. S. (1972). On the first three subphases of the separation-individuation process. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 53, 333-338.

Peiyoong, L., Hiscock, H., Wake, M., and Epi, G. D. (2003). Outcomes of infant sleep problems: A longitudinal study of sleep, behavior, and maternal well-being. Pediatrics. In press.

Richman, N., Douglas, J., and Hunt, H. (1985). Behavioral methods in the treatment of sleep disorders: A pilot study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 581-590.

Thomas, A., and Chess, S. (1984). Genesis and evolution of behavioral disorders: From infancy to early adult life. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1-9.

Webb, W B., and Agnew, H. W (1974). Regularity in the control of the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm. Aerospace Medicine, 45, 701-704.

Weissbluth, M. (1982). Modification of sleep schedule with reduction of night waking: A case report. Sleep, 5, 262-266.

Winnicott, D. W (1965). The capacity to be alone. In D. W Winnicott, The Maturational Processes and Facilitating Environment (29-36). New York: International Universities Press.

Chapter 7. Months Thirteen to Thirty-six

Gutelius, M. E., and Kirsch, A. D. (1977). Controlled study of child health supervision: Behavioral results. Pediatrics, 60, 294-304.

Howarth, E., and Hoffman, M. S. (1984). A multidimensional approach to the relationship between mood and weather. British Journal of Psychology, 75, 5-23.

Kahyama, J., Shiike, T, and Hasegawa, T. (2000). Young children who are late sleepers sleep less than early sleepers. Sleep, 23 (Abstract Suppl. 2), A198-A199.

Largo, R. H., and Honziker, U. A. (1984). A developmental approach to the management of children with sleep disturbances in the first three years of life. European Journal of Pediatrics, 142, 170-173.

Lozoff, B., Wolf, A. W, and Davis, N. S. (1985). Sleep problems seen in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 75, 477-483.

Lyons, J. T, and Oates, R. K. (1993). Falling out of bed: A relatively benign occurrence. Pediatrics, 92, 125-127.

Richman, N. (1981). A community survey of one-to two-year-olds with sleep disruptions. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 20, 281-291.

Scher, A, Tirosh, E., and Lavie, P. (1998). The relationship between sleep and temperament revisited: Evidence for 12-month-olds: A research note. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 39, 785-788.

Van Tassel, E. B. (1985). The relative influence of child and environmental characteristics on sleep disturbances in the first and second years of life. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 6, 81-86.

Williams, C. D. (1959). Case report: The elimination of tantrum behavior by extinction procedures. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 269.

Chapter 8. Preschool Children

Atkinson, E., Vetere, A., and Grayson, K. (1995). Sleep disruption in young children. The influence of temperament on the sleep patterns of pre-school children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 21, 233-246.

Bates, J. E., Viken, R. J., Alexander, D. B., Beyers, J., and Stockton, S. (2002). Sleep and adjustment in preschool children: Sleep diary reports by mothers relate to behavior reports by teachers. Child Development, 73, 62-74.

Christophersen, Edward R. (1998). Beyond Discipline: Parenting That Lasts a Lifetime, 2nd ed. (127-128). Shawnee Mission, Kansas: Overland Press.

Clarkson, S., Williams, S., and Silva, P. A. (1986). Sleep in middle childhood—a longitudinal study of sleep problems in a large sample of Dunedin children aged 5-9 years. Australian Paediatric Journal, 22, 31-35.

Cullen, K. J. (1976). A 6-year controlled trial of prevention of children’s behavior disorders. Journal of Pediatrics, 88, 662-666.

Fukuda, K., and Sakashita, Y. (2002). Sleeping pattern of kinder-gartners and nursery school children: Function of daytime nap. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94, 219-228.

Gregory, A. M., and O’Connor, T. G. (2002). Sleep problems in childhood: A longitudinal study of developmental change and association with behavioral problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 954-971.

Jones, D. P. H., and Verduyn, C. M. (1983). Behavioral management of sleep problems. Archives of Diseases of Children, 58, 442-444.

Kohyama, J., Shiike, T., Ohinata-Sugimoto, J., and Hasegawa, T. (2002). Potentially harmful sleep habits of 3-year-old children in Japan. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 23, 67-70.

Lavigne, J. V., Arend, R., Rosenbaum, D., Smith, A., Weissbluth, M., Binns, H. J., and Christoffel, K. K. (1999). Sleep and behavior problems among preschoolers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 20, 164-169.

Manber, R., Bootzin, R. R., Acebo, C, and Carskadon, M. A. (1996). The effects of regularizing sleep-wake schedules on daytime sleepiness. Sleep, 19, 432-441.

Mantz, J., Muzet, A., Neiss, R. (1995). Sleep in 6-year-old children: Survey in school environment. Archives of Pediatrics, 21, 215-220.

Minde, K., Popiel, K., Leos, N., Falkner, S., Parker, K., and Handley-Derry, M. (1993). The evaluation and treatment of sleep disturbances in young children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 521-533.

Owens-Stively, J., Frank, N., Smith, A., Hagino, O., Spirito, A, Arigan, M., and Alario, A J. (1997). Child temperament, parenting discipline style, and daytime behavior in childhood sleep disorders. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 18, 314-321.

Richman, N., Douglas, 1., Hunt, H., Lansdown, R., and Levere, R. (1985). Behavioral methods in the treatment of sleep disorders—A pilot study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 581-590.

Sekine, Y, Yamagami, T, Handa, K., Saito, T, Nanre, S., Kawaminami, K., Tokui, N., Yoshida, K., and Kagamimori, S. (2002). A dose-response relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood obesity: Results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 28, 163-170.

von Kries, R., Toschke, A. M., Wurnser, H., Sauerwald, T, and Koletsko, B. (2002). Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5-and 6-year-old children by duration of sleep—a cross sectional study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26, 710-716.

Witting, W., Mirmiran, M., Bos, N. P., and Swaab, D. F. (1993). Effect of light intensity on diurnal sleep-wake distribution in young and old rats. Brain Research Bulletin, 30, 157-162.

Wright, L., Woodcock, J., and Scott, R. (1970). Treatment of sleep disturbance in a young child by conditioning. Southern Medical Journal, 63, 174-176.

Chapter 9. School Children and Adolescence

Acebo, C, and Carskadon, M. A. (2002). Influence of irregular sleep patterns on waking behavior. In M. A. Carskadon (ed.), Adolescent Sleep Patterns. Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences, (220-235). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Anders, T. E., Carskadon, M. A., Dement, W C, and Harvey, K. (1978). Sleep habits of children and the identification of pathologically sleepy children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 9, 56-63.

Anderson, D. R. (1979). Treatment of insomnia in a 13-year-old boy by relaxation training and reduction of parental attention. Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 10, 263-265.

Asnes, R. S., Sautulli, R., and Beuporad, J. R. (1981). Psychogenic chest pain in children. Clinical Pediatrics, 20, 788-792.

Backeland, E, and Lasky, R. (1966). Exercise and sleep patterns in college athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 23, 1203-1207.

Blader, J. C, Kopewicz, H. S., Abikoff, H., and Foley, C. (1997). Sleep problems of elementary school children: A community survey. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 151, 473-480.

Bootzin, R. R., and Perlis, M. L. (1992). Nonpharmacologic treatments of insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 53, 27-41.

Bootzin, R. (1972). A stimulus control treatment for insomnia. Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, 7, 395-396.

Carskadon, M. A. (2002). Adolescent Sleep Patterns. Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Carskadon, M. A., Vieiera, C, and Acebo, C. (1993). Association between puberty and delayed phase preference. Sleep, 16, 258-262.

Czeisler, C. A., Weitzman, E. D., Moore-Ede, M. C, Zimmerman, J. C, and Knaver, R. S. (1980). Human sleep: Its duration and organization depend on its circadian phases. Science, 210, 1264-1267.

Dollinger, S. J. (1985). Effects of a paradoxical intervention on a child’s anxiety about sleep-and sports-related performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61, 83-86.

Epstein, R., Chillag, N., and Lavie, R (1998). Stating times of school: Effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21, 250-256.

Espie, C. A., and Lindsay, W. R. (1985). Paradoxical intention in the treatment of chronic insomnia. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 23, 703-709.

Fallone, G. P., Seiffer, R., Acebo, C, and Carskadon, M. A. (2000). Prolonged sleep restriction in 11-and 12-year-old children: Effects on behavior, sleepiness, and mood. Sleep, 23, (Suppl.), A28.

Fukuda, K., and Ishihara, K. (2002). Routine evening naps and night-time sleep patterns in junior high and high school students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 56, 229-230.

Gau, S. E, and Soong, W. T. (1995). Sleep problems of junior high school students in Taipei. Sleep, 18, 667-673.

Hauri, P., and Fisher, J. (1986). Persistent psychophysiologic (learned) insomnia. Sleep, 9, 38-53.

Hicks, R. A., and Pellegrini, R. J. (1991). The changing sleep habits of college students. Perceptive Motor Skills, 72, 1106.

Kahn, A, Van de Merckt, C., Rebuffat, E., Mozin, M. J., Sottiaux, M., Blum, D., and Hennart, P. (1989). Sleep problems in healthy preadolescents. Pediatrics, 84, 542-546.

Kirmil-Gray, K., Eagleston, J. R., Gibson, E., and Theresen, C. E. (1985). Sleep disturbances in adolescents: Sleep quality, sleep habits, beliefs about sleep, and daytime functioning. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13, 375-384.

Liu, X., Sun, Z., Uchiyama, M., Shibui, K., and Kim, K. (2000). Prevalence and correlates of sleep problems in Chinese schoolchildren. Sleep, 23, 1053-1062.

Liu, X., Uchiyama, M., Okawa, M., and Kurita, H. (2000). Prevalence and correlates of self-reported sleep problems among Chinese adolescents. Sleep, 23, 27-34.

Manni, R., Ratti, R. T., Marchioni, E., Castelovo, G., Murelli, R., Sartori, I., Galimberti, C. A., and Tartara, A. (1997). Poor sleep in adolescents: A study of 869 17-year-old Italian secondary school students. Journal of Sleep Research, 6, 44-49.

Morrison, D. N., McGee, R., and Stanton, W. R. (1992). Sleep problems in adolescence. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 94-99.

Nicassio, P. M., and Buchanan, D. C. (1981). Clinical application of behavior therapy for insomnia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 22, 512-521.

Price, V. A., Coates, T. J., Thoresen, C. E., and Grinstead, O. A. (1978). Prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among adolescents. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 132, 582-586.

Randazzo, A. C, Muehlbach, M. J., Schweitzer, P. K., and Walsh, J. K. (1998). Cognitive function following acute sleep restriction in children ages 10-14. Sleep, 21, 861-868.

Randazzo, A. C, Schweitzer, P. K., and Walsh, J. K. (1998). Cognitive function following 3 nights of sleep restriction in children 10-14. Sleep, 21 (Suppl), A249.

Reid, A, Maldonado, C. C, and Baker, F. C. (2002). Sleep behavior of South African adolescents. Sleep, 25, 423-427.

Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., and Chen, I. G. (2002). Impact of insomnia on future functioning of adolescents. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 561-569.

Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., and Raviv, A. (2002). Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior problems in school-aged children. Child Development, 73, 405-417.

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome

Czeisler, C. A, Richardson, G. S., Coleman, R. M., Zimmerman, J. C, Moore-Ede, M. C, Dement, W C, and Weitzman, E. D. (1981). Chronotherapy: Resetting the circadian clocks of patients with delayed sleep phase insomnia. Sleep, 4, 1-21.

Weitzman, E. D., Czeisler, C. A., Coleman, R. M., Spielman, A. J., Zimmerman, J. C, and Dement, W C. (1981). Delayed sleep phase syndrome: A chronobiological disorder with sleep-onset insomnia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 737-746.

Kleine-Levin Syndrome

Ferguson, B. G. (1986). Kleine-Levin syndrome: A case report. Journal of Child Psychological Psychiatry, 27, 275-278.

Waller, D. A., Jarriel, S., Erman, M., and Emslie, G. (1984). Recognizing and managing the adolescent with Kleine-Levin syndrome. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 5, 139-141.

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Anthony, K. K., and Schanberg, L. E. (2001). Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Current Rheumatology Reports, 3, 165-171.

Buskila, D., Neumann, L., Hershman, E., Gedalia, A., Press, J., and Sukenik, S. (1995). Fibromyalgia syndrome in children—An outcome study. Journal of Rheumatology, 22, 525-528.

Mikkelsson, M., Sourander, A., Piha, J., and Salminen, J. J. (1997). Psychiatric symptoms in preadolescents with musculoskeletal pain and fibromyalgia. Pediatrics, 100, 220-227.

Reid, G. J., Lang, B. A., and McGrath, P. J. (1997). Primary juvenile fibromyalgia: Psychological adjustment, family functioning, coping, and functional disability. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 40, 752-760.

Roizenblatt, S., Tufik, S., Goldenberg, L, Pinto, L. R., Hilaria, M. O., and Feldman, D. (1997). Juvenile fibromyalgia: Clinical and polysomnographic aspects. Journal of Rheumatology, 24, 579-585.

Siegel, D. M., Janeway, D., and Baum, J. (1998). Fibromyalgia syndrome in children and adolescents: Clinical features at presentation and status at follow-up. Pediatrics, 101, 377-382.

Drugs and Diet to Help Us Sleep

Camfield, C. S., Chaplin, S., Doyle, A. B., Chapiro, S. H., Cummings, C, and Camfield, P. R. (1979). Side effects of phenobarbital in toddlers: Behavioral and cognitive aspects. Journal of Pediatrics, 95, 361-365.

Kahn, A., Mozin, M. J., Casimir, G., Montauk, L., and Blum, D. (1985). Insomnia and cow’s milk allergy in infants. Pediatrics, 76, 880-884.

Kolata, G. (1982). Food affects human behavior. Science, 218, 1209-1210.

Norvenius, G., Widerlov, E., and Lonnerholm, G. (1979). Phenylpropanolamine and mental disturbances. Lancet, 1, 1367-1368.

Roehrs, T. A., Tietz, E. I., Zorick, F. J., and Roth, T. (1984). Daytime sleepiness and antihistamines. Sleep, 7, 137-141.

Russo, R. M., Gururaj, V. J., and Allen, E. J. (1976). The effectiveness of diphenhydramine HC1 in pediatric sleep disorders. Journal of Clinical Pharmocology, 16, 284-285.

Ryo, J. E. (1985). Effects of maternal caffeine consumption on heart rate and sleep time in breast-fed infants. Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 8, 355-363.

Schneider-Helmert, D., and Spinweber, C. L. (1986). Evaluation of L-tryptophan for treatment of insomnia. Psychopharmacology, 89, 1-7.

Spring, B., Mailer, O., Wurtman, J., et al. (1982-1983). Effects of protein and carbohydrate meals on mood and performance: Interactions with sex and age. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 155-167.

Yogman, M. W., and Zeizel, S. H. (1985). Nutrients, neurotransmitters and infant behavior. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45, 352-360.

Chapter 10. Special Sleep Problems

Sleepwalking

Archbold, K. H., Pituch, K. J., Panabi, P., and Chervin, R. D. (2002). Symptoms of sleep disturbances among children at two general pediatric clinics. Journal of Pediatrics, 140, 97-102.

Hublin, C., Kaprio, J., Partinen, M., Hejjila, K., and Koskenvu, M. (1997). Prevalence and genetics of sleepwalking: A population-based twin study. Neurology, 48, 177-181.

Kales, A., Soldatos, C. R., Caldwell, A. B., Kales, J. D., Humphrey, F. J., Charney, D. S., and Schweitzer, P. K. (1980). Somnambulism: Clinical characteristics and personality patterns. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1406-1410.

Neveus, T., Cnattingius, S., Olsson, U., and Hetta, J. (2001). Sleep habits and sleep problems among a community sample of schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica, 90, 1365-1367.

Klackenberg, G. (1982). Somnambulism in childhood—Prevalence, course, and behavioral correlations. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavia, 71, 495-499.

Sleep Talking

Reimao, R., and Lefevre, A. B. (1980). Prevalence of sleep-talking in childhood. Brain Development, 2, 353-357.

Night Terrors

DiMario, F. J., Jr., and Emery, E. S. 3d. (1987). The natural history of night terrors. Clinical Pediatrics, 26, 505-511.

Kales, J. D., Kales, A., Soldatos, C. R., Chamberlain, K., and Martin, E. D. (1979). Sleep walking and night terrors related to febrile illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 1214-1215.

Weissbluth, M. (1984). Is drug treatment of night terrors warranted? American Journal of Diseases of Children, 138, 1086.

Nightmares

Cason, H. (1935). The nightmare dream. Psychological Monographs, 46 (5, Whole No. 209).

Cellucci, A J., and Lawrence, R S. (1978). Individual differences in self-reported sleep—Variable correlations among nightmare sufferers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 721-725.

Mindell, J. A., and Barrett, K. M. (2002). Nightmares and anxiety in elementary-aged children: Is there a relationship? Child: Care, Health and Development, 28, 317-322.

Smedje, H., Broman, J. E., and Hetta, J. (2001). Short-term prospective study of sleep disturbances in 5-to 8-year-old children. Acta Paediatrica, 90, 1456-1463.

Head Banging and Body Rocking

Abe, K., Oda, N., and Amatomi, M. (1984). Natural history and predictive significance of head-banging, head-rolling and breath-holding spells. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 26, 644-648.

Leung, A. K., and Robson, W. L. (1990). Head banging. Journal of the Singapore Paediatric Society, 32, 12-17.

Bruxism

Reding, G. R., Rubright, W. C., and Zimmerman, S. O. (1966). Incidence of bruxism. Journal of Dental Research, 45, 1198-1204.

Reding, G. R., Zepelin, H., and Monroe, L. J. (1968). Personality study of nocturnal teeth grinders. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 26, 523-531.

Reding, G. R., Zepelin, H., Robinson, J. E., Smith, V. H., and Zimmerman, S. O. (1968). Sleep pattern of bruxism: A revision. Psychophysiology, 4, 396.

Weideman, C. L., Busch, D. L., Yan-Go, F. L., Clark, G. T., and Gornbein, J. A. (1996). The incidence of parasomnias in child bruxers versus nonbruxers. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 18, 456-460.

Narcolepsy

Challamel, M. J., Mazzola, M. E., Nevsimalova, S., Cannard, C, Louis, J., and Revol, M. (1994). Narcolepsy in children. Sleep, 17 (Suppl. 8), S17-S20.

Wise, M. S., and Lynch, J. (2001). Narcolepsy in children. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 8, 198-206.

Yoss, R. E., and Daly, D. D. (1960). Narcolepsy in children. Pediatrics, 77, 1025-1033.

Poor-Quality Breathing (Allergies and Snoring)

Ali, N. J., Pitson, D. J., and Stradling, J. R. (1993). Snoring, sleep disturbances, and behavior in 4-to 5-year olds. (1993). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 68, 360-366.

Ali, N. J., Pitson, D. J., and Stradling, J. R. (1994). Natural history of snoring and related behavior problems between the ages of 4 and 7 years. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 71, 74-76.

Anderson, O. W (1950). The management of “infantile insomnia.” Journal of Pediatrics, 38, 394-401.

Ballenger, W L. (1914). Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.

Brouillette, R., Hansen, D., David, R., Klemka, L., Szatkowski, A., Ferbach, S., and Hung, C. (1984). A diagnostic approach to suspected obstructive sleep apnea in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 105, 10-14.

Brown, S. L., and Stool, S. E. (1982). Behavioral manifestations of sleep apnea in children. Sleep, 5, 200-201.

Butte, W., Robertson, C, and Phelan, R (1985). Snoring in children: Is it pathological? Medical Journal of Australia, 143, 335-336.

Chervin, R. D., Archbold, K. H., Dillon, J. E., Panahi, P., Pituch, K. J., Dahl, R. E., and Guilleminault, C. (2002). Inattention, hyperctivity, and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing. Pediatrics, 109, 449-456.

Chervin, R. D., Dillon, J. E., Bassetti, C, Ganoczy, D. A, and Pituch, K. J. (1997). Symptoms of sleep disorders, inattention, and hyperactivity in children. Sleep, 20, 1185-1192.

Flemming, B. M. (1925). A study of sleep of young children. Journal of the American Association of University Women, 19, 25-28.

Goldstein, N. A., Fatima, M., Campbell, T. E, and Rosenfeld, R. M. (2002). Child behavior and quality of life before and after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Archives of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 128, 770-775.

Gozal, D. (1998). Sleep-disordered breathing and school performance. Pediatrics, 102, 616-620.

Guilleminault, C, Winkle, R., Korobkin, R., and Simmons, B. (1982). Children and nocturnal snoring: Evaluation of the effects of sleep related respiratory resistive load and daytime functioning. European Journal of Pediatrics, 139, 154-171.

Guilleminault, C, Pelaya, R., Leger, D., Cler, A, and Bocian, R. C. V. (1996). Recognition of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Pediatrics, 98, 871-882.

Guilleminault, C, and Dement, W. C. (1977). 235 cases of excessive daytime sleepiness. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 31, 13-27.

Guilleminault, C, Eldridge, F. L., Simmons, F. B., and Dement, W. C. (1976). Sleep apnea in eight children. Pediatrics, 58, 23-31.

Kahn, A., Mozin, J., and Casimir, G. (1985). Insomnia and cow’s milk allergy in infants. Pediatrics, 76, 880-884.

Klein, G. L., Ziering, R. W, Girsh, L. S., and Miller, M. F (1985). The allergic irritability syndrome: Four case reports and a position statement from the Neuroallergy Committee of the American College of Allergy. Annals of Allergy, 55, 22-24.

Kravath, R. E., Pollack, C. D., and Borowiecki, B. (1977). Hypo-ventilation during sleep in children who have lymphoid airway obstruction treated by nasopharyngeal tube and T and A. Pediatrics, 59, 865-871.

Lind, M. G., and Lundell, B. (1982). Tonsillar hyperplasia in children: A cause of obstructive sleep apneas, CO2 retention, and retarded growth. Archives of Otolaryngology, 108, 650-654.

Mangat, D., Orr, W. C, and Smith, R. O. (1977). Sleep apnea, hypersomnolence, and upper airway obstruction secondary to adenotonsillar enlargement. Archives of Otokryngology, 103, 383-386.

Mauer, K. W., Staats, B. A., and Olsen, K. D. (1983). Upper airway obstruction and disordered nocturnal breathing in children. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 58, 349-353.

Owens, J., Opipari, L., Nobile, C, and Spirito, A. (1998). Sleep and daytime behavior in children with obstructive sleep apnea and behavioral sleep disorders. Pediatrics, 102, 1178-1184.

Weissbluth, M., Davis, A. T., and Poncher, J. (1984). Night waking in 4-to 8-month-old infants. Journal of Pediatrics, 104, 477-480.

Weissbluth, M., Davis, A. T., Poncher, J., and Reiff, J. (1983). Signs of airway obstruction during sleep and behavioral, developmental, and academic problems. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 4, 119-121.

Locating the Problem

Brouillette, R., and Thach, B. T. (1979). A neuromuscular mechanism maintaining extrathoracic airway patency. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiration, Environment, Exercise and Physiology, 46, 772-779.

Brouillette, R., Fernbach, S. K., and Hunt, C. E. (1982). Obstructive sleep apnea in infants and children. Journal of Pediatrics, 100, 31-40.

Chokroverty, S. (1980). Phasic tongue movements in human rapid-eye-movement sleep. Neurology, 30, 665-668.

Felman, A. H., Loughlin, G. M., Leftridge, C. A., and Cassisi, N. J. (1979). Upper airway obstruction during sleep in children. American Journal of Respiration, 133, 213-216.

Haponik, E. E, Smith, P. L., Bohlman, M. E., Allen, R. P., Goldman, S. M., and Bleecker, E. R. (1983). Computerized tomography in obstructive sleep apnea: Correlation of airway size with physiology during sleep and wakefulness. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 127, 221-226.

Remmers, J. E., deGroot, W. J., Sauerland, E. K., and Anch, A. M. (1978). Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusive during sleep. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiration, Environment, Exercise and Physiology, 44, 931-938.

Wilkinson, A. R., McCormick, M. S., Freeland, A. P., and Pickering, D. (1981). Electrocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension in children who snore. British Medical Journal, 282, 1579-1581.

Finding the Answers

McGeary, G. D. (1981). Help a snorer. Journal of the American Medical Association, 245, 1729.

Simmons, E B., Guilleminault, C., Dement, W. C., and Tilkian, A. G. (1977). Surgical management of airway obstruction during sleep. Laryngoscope, 87, 326-338.

Enjoying the Cure

Guilleminault, C., Winkle, R., Korobkin, R., and Simmons, B. (1982). Children and nocturnal snoring: Evaluation of the effects of sleep-related respiratory resistive load and daytime functioning. European Journal of Pediatrics, 139, 165-171.

Hyperactive Behavior

Busby, K., Firestone, P., and Pivik, R. T. (1981). Sleep patterns in hyperkinetic and normal children. Sleep, 4, 366-384.

Conners, C. K. (1974). Rating scale for use in drug studies with children. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 10, (Special Issue), 24.

Greenhill, L., Puig-Antich, T., Goetz, R., Hanlon, C, and Davies, M. (1983). Sleep architecture and REM sleep measures in pre-pubertal children with attention deficit disorder with hyper-activity. Sleep, 6, 91-101.

Porrino, L. J., Rapoport, J. L., Behar, D., Sceery W, Ismond, D. R., and Bunney, W E. (1983). A naturalistic assessment of the motor activity of hyperactive boys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 681-687.

Simonds, J. E, and Parraga, H. (1984). Sleep behaviors and disorders in children and adolescents evaluated at psychiatric clinics. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5, 6-10.

Weissbluth, M. (1984). Sleep duration, temperament, and Conners’ ratings of 3-year-old children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5, 120-123.

Weissbluth, M., and Liu, K. (1983). Sleep patterns, attention span, and infant temperament. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 4, 34-36.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Carskadon, M. A., and Acebo, C. (1993). Parental reports of seasonal mood and behavior changes in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 264-269.

Glod, C. A, Teicher, M. H., Polcari, A, McGreenery, C. E., and Ito, Y. (1997). Circadian rest-activity disturbances in children with seasonal affective disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 188-195.

Swedo, S. E., Allen, A. J., Glod, C. A, Clark, C. H., Teicher, M. H., Richter, D., Hoffman, C, Hamburger, S. D., Dow, S., Brown, C, and Rosenthal, N. E. (1997). A controlled trial of light therapy for the treatment of pediatric seasonal affective disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 816-821.

Bed-wetting

Bader, G., Neveus, T, Kruse, S., and Sillen, U. (2002). Sleep of primary eneuretic children and controls. Sleep, 25, 579-583.

Chapter 11. Special Events and Concerns

Twins, Triplets, and More

Linkowki, P. (1994). Genetic influences on EEG sleep and the human circadian clock: A twin study. Pharmacopsychiatry, 27, 7-10.

Injuries

Belechri, M., Petridou, E., and Trichopoulos, D. (2002). Bunk versus conventional beds: A comparative assessment of fall injury risk. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56, 413-417.

Carey, W. B. (1972). Clinical application of infant temperament measurement. Journal of Pediatrics, 81, 823-828.

Richman, N. A. (1981). A community survey of 1-to 2-year-olds with sleep disruptions. Journal of the American Academy of ChildPsychiatry, 20, 281-291.

Weissbluth, M. (1981). Sleep duration and infant temperament. Journal of Pediatrics, 5, 817-819.

Weissbluth, M. (1984). Sleep duration, temperament, and Conners’ ratings of 3-year-old children. Journal of Developmental andBehavioral Pediatrics, 5, 120-123.

Overweight, Exercise, and Diet

Butte, N. F. Jensen, C. L., Moon, J. K., Glaze, D. G., and Frost, J. D. (1992). Sleep organization and energy expenditure of breastfed and formula-fed infants. Pediatric Research, 32, 514-519.

Carey, W. B. (1985). Temperament and increased weight gain in infants. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 6, 128-131.

deVries, M. W. (1984). Temperament and infant mortality among the Masai of East Africa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1189-1194.

Neumann, M., and Jacobs, K. W. (1992). The relationship between dietary components and aspects of sleep. Perceptive Motor Skills, 75, 873-874.

Sekine, Y, Yamagami, T, Handa, K., Saito, T, Nanre, S., Kawaminami, K., Tokui, N., Yoshida, K., and Kagamimori, S. (2002). A dose-response relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood obesity: Results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 28, 163-170.

von Kries, R., Toschke, A. M., Wurnser, H., Sauerwald, T, and Koletsko, B. (2002). Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5-and 6-year-old children by duration of sleep—a cross sectional study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26, 710-716.

Youngstedt, S. D., O’Connor, P. J., and Dishman, R. K. (1997). The effects of acute exercise on sleep: A quantitative synthesis. Sleep, 20, 203-214.

Child Abuse

Arvola, T., Tahvanainedn, A., and Isolauri, E. (2000). Concerns and expectations of parents with atopic infants. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 11, 183-188.

Kemp, A. S. (1999). Atopic eczema: its social and financial costs. Journal of Pediatrics, 35, 229-231.

Reuveni, H., Chapnick, G., Tal, A, and Tarasiuk, A. (1999). Sleep fragmentation in children with atopic dermatitis. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 249-253.

Chapter 12. Competent Parents, Competent Child,

Karen Pierce, M.D.

Basch, M. F. (1988). Understanding Psychotherapy: The Science Behind the Art. New York: Basic Books.

Brazelton, T. B., and Cramer, B. G. (1990). The Earliest Relationship. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Company.

Caplan, L. (1978). Oneness and Separateness. Oak Park, Illinois: La Leche.

Siegel, D. J. (1999). The Developing Mind: Toward a Neurobiology of Interpersonal Experience. New York: The Guilford Press.

Stern, D. N. (1990). Diary of a Baby.New York: Basic Books.

Chapter 13. The Pros and Cons of Other

Approaches to Sleep Problems

Sears, W. (1995). Nighttime Parenting: How to Get Your Baby and Child to Sleep. New York: New American Library.